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Colombian Penal Code (Código Penal Colombiano)

Colombian Penal Code (Código Penal Colombiano) (articles 416 and 417): This states that the crime of abuse of functions will be committed when a public servant or any authority abuses his or her position or law knowledge to obtain a private gain. It also creates a crime of omission, where a public servant has knowledge of an […]

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Criminal Code of Brazil

Criminal Code of Brazil (article 332): This imposes penalties for those who order or obtain an advantage for influencing an act to be carried out by a public servant in the exercise of his or her duties.

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The US Criminal Code

US Code: Embezzlement & Theft (ss641-663): The US Code is a compilation of federal statutes that define different crimes and criminal procedures. In the Code, embezzlement is considered a fraudulent appropriation of property by a person to whom such property has been entrusted.

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The Code of Conduct Bureau and Tribunal Act of Nigeria

Section 10 of the Code of Conduct Bureau and Tribunal Act of Nigeria: This prohibits all kinds of bribery and gratification of public servants or private entities. Section 23 of the Corrupt Practices and other Related Offenses Act also imposes a duty to report bribery and contains sanctions for those who unreasonably fail to report bribery and corruption.

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United Nations Convention Against Corruption

The United Nations Convention against Corruption is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. The Convention’s far-reaching approach and the mandatory character of many of its provisions make it a unique tool for developing a comprehensive response to a global problem. The Convention covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, […]

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Research Paper on Private Prosecutions as an Anti-Corruption Tool in English Law

Although based on English law, the paper provides a useful introduction into how private prosecutions could be used to combat corruption. You will need to check how different the legal position is in your country.

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Kenya Revenue Authority

The Kenyan Revenue Authority can receive complaints either in person, in writing or by telephone to start investigations into tax fraud in Kenya. The authority also provides a reward scheme for successful complaints, providing people with an incentive to make genuine complaints. Tax fraud is related to corruption because higher tax rates can induce more […]

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Transparency International Topic Guide on Internal Whistleblowing Mechanisms

This Topic Guide goes into detail on the best practices of internal whistleblowing mechanisms, the procedures they may follow and provides guidance on practical considerations you should think about before making a complaint to one of these bodies.

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Internal Control Bodies (Mexico)

In Mexico, each administrative body has its own public entity responsible for investigating public servants and institutions involved in corruption acts at a national and local level called Órganos Internos de Control. These bodies can receive complaints about suspected corruption in the relevant public body or agency they are responsible for.

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KBR Nigeria

In 2009, a US engineering company named KBR pleaded guilty in a US court to charges arising out of the payment of $180m in bribes to Nigerian officials over the course of ten years, in order to win contracts to build and expand a liquefied natural gas terminal.  KBR and its parent company agreed to […]

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Action4Justice es un grupo de ONG unidas para fomentar el litigio de interés público mundialmente como una forma de obtener justicia social.

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