Canadian Criminal Code (s139): This provides criminal punishment where one attempts or uses corrupt means to persuade someone from giving evidence or influence a juror in court proceedings.
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Section 13(1)(e) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (India): This states that a crime will be committed where a public servant is or has been in possession of a property or money that he or she cannot satisfactorily account for and that is disproportionate to the income of the public servant.
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US Code: Embezzlement & Theft (ss641-663): The US Code is a compilation of federal statutes that define different crimes and criminal procedures. In the Code, embezzlement is considered a fraudulent appropriation of property by a person to whom such property has been entrusted.
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Section 10 of the Code of Conduct Bureau and Tribunal Act of Nigeria: This prohibits all kinds of bribery and gratification of public servants or private entities. Section 23 of the Corrupt Practices and other Related Offenses Act also imposes a duty to report bribery and contains sanctions for those who unreasonably fail to report bribery and corruption.
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The United Nations Convention against Corruption is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. The Convention’s far-reaching approach and the mandatory character of many of its provisions make it a unique tool for developing a comprehensive response to a global problem. The Convention covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, […]
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Although based on English law, the paper provides a useful introduction into how private prosecutions could be used to combat corruption. You will need to check how different the legal position is in your country.
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The Kenyan Revenue Authority can receive complaints either in person, in writing or by telephone to start investigations into tax fraud in Kenya. The authority also provides a reward scheme for successful complaints, providing people with an incentive to make genuine complaints. Tax fraud is related to corruption because higher tax rates can induce more […]
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This Topic Guide goes into detail on the best practices of internal whistleblowing mechanisms, the procedures they may follow and provides guidance on practical considerations you should think about before making a complaint to one of these bodies.
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In 2009, a US engineering company named KBR pleaded guilty in a US court to charges arising out of the payment of $180m in bribes to Nigerian officials over the course of ten years, in order to win contracts to build and expand a liquefied natural gas terminal. KBR and its parent company agreed to […]
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“Secure in Comfort” was the name of South Africa’s Public Protector’s office report on President Jacob Zuma’s improvements on his private residence with taxpayers’ money. This report was a direct result of seven complaints received at the Public Protector’s office in 2011 and 2012. What happened: The improvements to President Zuma’s private home were planned […]
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