Gathering and presenting evidence of pollution is crucial for most environmental claims. In most environmental law actions, it is the claimant (likely to be the affected person/community) who has the “burden of proof”. This means, as the affected community taking legal action against the defendant (likely to be the polluter), it will be down to […]
Legal Area
Where governments and public bodies are unwilling or unable to carry out the necessary action to uphold the law, it may be necessary to use the law to force them to take the action they are required to under law. In countries that allow Citizen Suits, NGOs can directly sue private companies for failing to […]
Legal Area
Often it will not be necessary to bring a legal claim through the courts to resolve a freshwater pollution issue. In some cases, presenting the issue clearly along with the necessary evidence to the relevant public body (backed up with the threat of litigation) will be enough to make that public body perform their role […]
Legal Area
There is no universal definition of a public body, but the term is generally contrasted with private companies and businesses. They include governments and ministries, as well as local government and all sorts of public councils, authorities, committees, and regulators. Sometimes services of a public nature are carried out by private companies, such as utility […]
Legal Area
This guide is intended to provide practical legal solutions to real life problems; in each case it is necessary to consider: Gathering evidence to prove your case; The best type of legal action that can be taken; Your approach to taking legal action. What outcome you are seeking and what legal remedy may be available […]
Legal Area
Examples of legal challenges organised by type of water pollution addressed
Legal Area
This Action4Justice Legal Action Guide provides a global perspective on addressing freshwater pollution through the law. It covers the primary causes of water contamination—ranging from agricultural runoff to manufacturing waste—and details the legal strategies available to stop polluting projects and seek remedies for affected communities. From local grassroots organizing to international human rights litigation, this […]
Legal Area
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